High-purity quartz resources represent an important critical non-metallic resource and a key foundational material for strategic emerging industries. They are widely used in fields such as photovoltaics, semiconductors, and optical fibers, with robust demand. China is the world’s largest consumer of high-purity quartz; however, China’s reserves of high-purity quartz are scarce, and its overall dependence on foreign raw ore sources remains high. There is an urgent need to secure a stable supply of these resources through domestic geological exploration and prospecting efforts. Although China’s exploration and prospecting for high-purity quartz resources started relatively late, geological exploration and evaluation work still require continuous improvement. By systematically summarizing the recent status of geological exploration, prospecting, and development of high-purity quartz resources in China, combined with an analysis of domestic supply and demand conditions and processing technology characteristics, we have drawn the following conclusions: ① China has made a series of significant advances in geological exploration for high-purity quartz resources. Currently, the primary resource types yielding breakthroughs in exploration are granitic pegmatite-type and vein-quartz-type deposits. Pegmatite-type resources are mainly found in regions such as the Altai Mountains in Xinjiang and the eastern Qinling Mountains in Henan, while vein-quartz-type resources are predominantly located in Shaanxi, Anhui, Sichuan, and Shandong provinces. Stable, high-quality resources hold great potential for further breakthroughs. ② Domestic technologies for ore dressing, purification, and processing of high-purity quartz have developed rapidly. Enterprises have established relatively mature techniques for purification, processing, and material preparation. However, relatively few companies are capable of stably producing high-quality quartz sand on a large scale, and the application and evaluation of ore-dressing and purification technologies during the geological exploration stage remain limited. ③ Key technical challenges hindering the exploration and prospecting of high-purity quartz resources include: the lack of efficient, rapid field identification techniques and suitable combinations of exploration methods, resulting in low exploration efficiency; the absence of a well-defined general industrial index system for ore deposits, which constrains accurate estimation of resource quantities and delineation of ore bodies; difficulties in conducting rational metallurgical purification tests and techno-economic evaluations during geological exploration; and the lack of standardized guidelines for geological exploration, severely hampering both exploration activities and mining administration. In light of the unique characteristics of high-purity quartz resources and the existing problems in exploration and prospecting, we propose corresponding countermeasures and recommendations covering the development of efficient exploration methods, formulation of general industrial indices for ore deposits, research and development of ore-dressing and purification technologies, and drafting of geological exploration standards, with the aim of further enhancing the quality of high-purity quartz resource exploration in China.