“Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, standing at a new historical juncture and keeping in mind the overall development of the Party and the country, we have proposed the working principle of ‘fully fulfilling our duties to protect land resources, using land resources economically and intensively, and wholeheartedly safeguarding the rights and interests of the masses,’ thereby further ensuring that the reform and development of the land and resource sector stay on the right track,” said Jiang Daming, Minister of the Ministry of Natural Resources, at the National Conference on Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Land and Resource System. 3 Years of practice have shown that this positioning fully meets the central government’s requirements and has received unanimous recognition from all quarters.

　　The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee made arrangements for comprehensively deepening reform and emphasized the need to accelerate the building of an innovative nation. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward the development philosophy of innovation, coordination, green development, openness, and shared benefits, stressing that innovation is the primary driving force behind development. Jiang Daming stated that recently, the Party Central Committee and the State Council have made a series of important deployments and successively issued the "Outline of the National Innovation-Driven Development Strategy" and the "13th Five-Year Plan for National Science and Technology Innovation." In particular, the recently held National Conference on Science and Technology Innovation sounded the clarion call for building a world-class science and technology power, providing clear guidance for fully promoting scientific and technological innovation in the field of land and resources and for rallying and fostering momentum for the development of land and resource undertakings.

　　“Practice has shown that innovation is the fundamental driving force behind the reform and development of the land and resources sector,” Jiang Daming emphasized. To effectively address this issue, we must place innovation at the very heart of the overall development of the land and resources sector and continuously promote innovation in various areas—including theory, institutions, science and technology, and culture. We must also harness the leading role of scientific and technological innovation in comprehensive innovation, engage in forward-looking planning, adopt a scientifically sound layout, provide careful guidance, and accelerate the pace of strategic scientific and technological innovation in the land and resources sector.

　　Jiang Daming elaborated on the innovative development of the land and resources sector from four aspects—

　 　Facing the nation’s major needs, technological innovation has always been the driving force behind the reform and development of land and resource management.

　　The land and resources sector is a science- and technology-intensive field. The development of various areas—including geology, oceanography, surveying and mapping, and land management—requires not only solid theoretical foundations but also heavily relies on continuous innovation in technological methods and instrumental equipment. It can be said that every step forward in the land and resources sector is inseparable from the robust support of scientific and technological innovation.

　　Looking back at history, under the care and guidance of the older generation of revolutionaries, the vast majority of geologists have taken it upon themselves to meet the nation’s major needs, using scientific and technological innovation to kickstart and propel the rapid development of the country’s land and resource sector.

　　At the very beginning of the founding of New China, everything was in ruins and needed to be rebuilt from scratch, making the nation’s demand for geological work extremely urgent. Chairman Mao said, “If geological work isn’t done well, one horse can block the way, and ten thousand horses won’t be able to move forward.” 1952 The first major meeting held after the establishment of the Ministry of Geology was devoted to studying the issues of a major transformation and significant development in geological work. At that time, Comrade Chen Yun, who was in charge of geological affairs, pointed out: “A major transformation and significant development mean conducting work based on an overall national plan and adopting unconventional, innovative approaches—rather than simply doing as much as we could, as we used to.”

　　With the central government’s strong attention and support, geological work has started by building a talented workforce—establishing institutions and training key personnel. As a result, the size of the workforce has rapidly expanded from a few thousand at the outset to that at the end of the First Five-Year Plan period. 20 Ten thousand people, among whom those with an education level of college or above account for... 1/4 Above all, its level of knowledge intensity was second only to that of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Education at the time. Meanwhile, a series of organized mineral exploration campaigns yielded a number of significant discoveries, among which the breakthrough in oil exploration was particularly exhilarating for the Chinese people. Veteran geologists such as Li Siguang shattered the internationally accepted view that “China is poor in oil,” proposing the theory of terrestrial oil formation and forecasting the greatest potential for future oil exploration in our country. 3 a certain region. Later, the successive discoveries of oilfields such as Daqing, Dagang, and Shengli provided strong evidence for this scientific prediction. Geological and technological experts joined forces to tackle key challenges and discovered large uranium deposits in Renhua and Nanxiong, Guangdong Province, making significant contributions to the “Two Bombs, One Satellite” program.

　　Significant breakthroughs have also been achieved in the exploration of other mineral types. Among the mineral types whose reserves have been confirmed nationwide, 1949 Only the year 2 seed, 1952 Increased annually to 10 seed, 1957 Increased to annually 63 seed, 1966 Increased to annually 103 Species, to date have reached 162 Moreover, geologists have fearlessly stepped forward and played a vital role as a dynamic force in the construction of major national projects such as the Three Gorges Project and the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, as well as in addressing geological hazards, finding water resources in arid regions, and helping poverty-stricken areas lift themselves out of poverty—projects that directly benefit people’s livelihoods.

　　The initiation of the marine sector began with the state’s formulation of a long-term vision plan for marine science. 1964 The very first major undertaking after the establishment of the State Oceanic Administration was the construction of a new batch of marine science and technology research institutions. This laid the foundation for a series of subsequent marine surveys and scientific expeditions, enabling China to achieve its strategic goal of "comprehensively mapping China's seas, venturing into the three major oceans, and setting foot on Antarctica." Since then, China has successively established polar research facilities including the Great Wall Station, Zhongshan Station, Kunlun Station, Taishan Station in Antarctica, as well as the Yellow River Station in the Arctic and the icebreaker Xuelong, significantly narrowing the gap with advanced maritime nations. Comrade Deng Xiaoping specially inscribed a message: “Make contributions to the peaceful utilization of Antarctica by humanity.”

　　Surveying and mapping science has a long history. In the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, in order to urgently meet the needs of the nation’s economic and defense development, our country swiftly established a surveying and mapping team of tens of thousands of personnel, focusing on intensive scientific and technological research. Subsequently, a nationwide basic geodetic control network was established, and the following was determined: 1954 Beijing Coordinate System of the Year, 1956 the Yellow Sea Elevation Datum and the Qingdao Vertical Origin. To enhance surveying and mapping accuracy, a new geodetic coordinate system and a geocentric coordinate system have also been established. Most proudly, Chinese scientists independently determined the elevation of Mount Qomolangma to be... 8848.13 Mi has rewritten the British surveying records of Mount Everest. Last year. 7 In the month, General Secretary Xi Jinping sent a message to the First National Surveying and Mapping Team. 6 The reply from the veteran Party member pointed out, “ 40 Earlier this year, comrades from the First Surveying and Mapping Team, together with military surveyors and mountaineering team members, bravely ventured into the “zone of death,” overcoming countless hardships and obstacles to successfully achieve China’s first-ever precise measurement of Mount Everest’s height. “The Party and the people have not forgotten the remarkable achievements your comrades have made.”

　　Starting in the last century 80 The land-use system reform in the mid-to-late period of the 20th century played a crucial role in the development of special economic zones, the reform of state-owned enterprises, and urban construction. The advancement of technologies for land surveys, assessments, planning, monitoring, and remediation has enhanced the protection of arable land, optimized land-use structures, safeguarded national food security, and accelerated the processes of industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization.

　　During the 12th Five-Year Plan period, and especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, scientific and technological innovation has written a new chapter in the reform and development of the land and resources sector. The land and resources authorities have used satellite remote sensing technology to complete the Second National Land Survey, developed an integrated “sky-ground” vehicle-mounted system for land survey and monitoring, established an online land inspection system, implemented demonstration projects for land remediation, conducted classification and grading of agricultural land, carried out surveys and assessments of land ecological conditions, evaluated the comprehensive land carrying capacity, and tackled key technologies for land conservation. These efforts have strengthened land monitoring and regulatory capabilities, and promoted the economical and efficient use of land.

　　The Ministry of Natural Resources has stepped up geological surveys and resource-environment carrying capacity assessments in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the Yangtze River Economic Belt. It has also compiled an atlas of geological and energy distribution data for countries along the Belt and Road Initiative, which has received high praise from General Secretary Xi Jinping, Premier Li Keqiang, and Vice Premier Zhang Gaoli. The implementation of the “Mineral Exploration Breakthrough Strategic Action” has marked the period with the highest investment, greatest intensity, and most abundant achievements in China’s exploration efforts. Significant progress has also been made in such endeavors as deep continental drilling for scientific exploration, joint research on geological theories in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, manned deep-sea submersible operations using the “Jiaolong” vessel, unmanned remotely operated deep-sea exploration by the “Haima” vehicle, and exploration of natural gas hydrates on the continental slope of the South China Sea.

　　In recent years, scientific and technological personnel within the land and resources system have continuously strengthened research on geological hazard prevention and monitoring as well as early warning systems, effectively safeguarding the safety of people’s lives and property and providing strong support for post-earthquake reconstruction and the safe operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. They have also intensified investigations and evaluations of agricultural geology, urban geology, and geothermal resources, and conducted research on carbon dioxide geological storage technologies, thereby effectively supporting the implementation of strategies for ecological civilization, new-type urbanization, and energy conservation and emission reduction. Furthermore, they have accelerated the development of a modern groundwater exploration technology system and carried out studies on the cyclical evolution of groundwater in typical regions, achieving significant breakthroughs in water resource exploration, and thus... 870 The issue of safe drinking water has been resolved for the communities facing severe water shortages.

　　The Ministry of Natural Resources is actively promoting the construction of a deep-space Earth observation system and has successfully launched Resource-1. 02C Satellites, including Gaofen-1, Gaofen-2, Gaofen-3, and Ziyuan-3. 01 Star, 02 Magnitude 6 The primary users of the satellite have significantly enhanced the localization level of information data, laying a solid spatial-information foundation for the modernization of land and resource management. We have strengthened international cooperation in geosciences and proposed and implemented several major international geoscience initiatives. As a result, the UNESCO International Karst Research Center, the International Research Center for Geochemistry at the Global Scale, and the SCO Center for Geoscience Cooperation have successively established themselves in China.

　　 Closely monitor the global forefront of science and technology, and fully implement the “Three Deep and One Soil” land and resource technological innovation strategy.

　　To achieve a new leap forward in scientific and technological innovation in the field of land and resources, we must strengthen the leading role of strategic science and technology. Unlike ordinary scientific and technological issues, strategic science and technology place greater emphasis on long-term orientation, overall driving effects, and foundational support. At the National Conference on Scientific and Technological Innovation, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Advancing into the deep Earth is a strategic scientific and technological issue that we must address.” This important statement elevates scientific and technological innovation in the field of land and resources to a strategic level that is crucial to the overall development of China’s science and technology. It clearly defines the strategic direction for scientific and technological innovation in the fields of geology, oceanography, surveying and mapping, and land management, serving as a rallying call for a new era of innovation in land and resource sciences and providing the overarching basis for our planning of scientific and technological innovation during the 13th Five-Year Plan period.

　　Jiang Daming called for the vast number of science and technology workers to firmly grasp this strategic scientific and technological issue, closely monitor the global cutting edge of science and technology, and address the nation’s major needs. They should adhere to the principle of knowing what to pursue and what to avoid, place great emphasis on original and disruptive theoretical innovations, focus on overcoming key core technologies, drive a comprehensive leap forward in scientific and technological innovation in land and resources, and establish an overall framework for scientific and technological innovation that effectively supports the country’s economic and social development.

　　It is understood that the “13th Five-Year Plan” for scientific and technological innovation in land and resources has formulated a comprehensive innovation strategy—“four-in-one”—centered on advancing into the deep interior of the Earth, and encompassing deep-earth exploration, deep-sea exploration, deep-space Earth observation, and land engineering technology. This strategy sets forth an overarching goal: to bring the “three deep” strategic areas into the world’s leading ranks and significantly enhance the level of land science and technology. Jiang Daming emphasized that this plan represents the “key priority” and serves as both the “roadmap” and “timetable” for scientific and technological innovation in land and resources during the 13th Five-Year Plan period and beyond. “Everyone must unify their thinking, pool their efforts, and work together to fully implement the ‘Three Deepes and One Land’ innovation strategy.”

　　— On the Deep Earth Exploration Strategy: Conducting Deep-Earth Exploration , This is not only a necessity for addressing major fundamental theoretical issues in Earth sciences, but also a critical national demand for ensuring energy and resource security and expanding the space for economic and social development. The deep interior of the Earth harbors the vast majority of resources and energy, serving as the material and energetic foundation that sustains all life. Some scholars argue that if China were to extend its solid-mineral exploration to greater depths— 2000 The proven reserves of minerals could double based on current levels. Moreover, China’s development of underground urban spaces remains insufficient; compared to the country’s self-proclaimed “Japan above and below ground,” there is a significant gap in the level of exploitation and utilization. Whether it comes to meeting China’s demand for energy resources or tapping into underground development potential, deep-earth exploration is the best choice for strategic scientific and technological advancement in land resource management.

　　Jiang Daming pointed out that the implementation of a deep-earth exploration strategy must emphasize its strategic and technological positioning. We must closely monitor the global forefront of science and technology, comprehensively review domestic and international research findings and trends in deep-earth exploration, and clearly define the current status and priority areas for “catching up, running alongside, and taking the lead.” We should strive to achieve— 2020 Formed annually to 2000 Mining of mineral resources, 3000 Complete technical capabilities for mineral resource exploration in the Mi region, with a reserve of a batch. 5000 Using cutting-edge technologies for deep-resource exploration, significantly enhancing... 6500 To 10000 Migas oil and gas exploration technology capabilities—strive for. 2030 In recent years, China has become a “leader” in the global field of deep-Earth exploration. By strengthening research and development of advanced technologies and equipment, we are enhancing our capacity to explore deep-earth resources, effectively expanding both the second frontier for mineral exploration and the scope of underground development, and providing a “Chinese model” for humanity’s understanding and utilization of the Earth.

　　—On the Deep-Sea Exploration Strategy. The ocean, especially the deep sea, is increasingly recognized as a strategic space and strategic resource of paramount importance to national security and development. Deep-sea exploration is a strategic imperative for building a maritime power. After years of development, China has made significant strides in marine exploration technology innovation. For instance, in the exploration and pilot extraction of natural gas hydrates (combustible ice) on the continental slope of the South China Sea, we have now reached a comparable starting point with advanced nations. However, in certain deep-sea areas, we still lag behind the United States, Japan, Russia, and some individual EU countries.

　　As is well known, the oceans on Earth are nearly... 90% The area is where the water depth exceeds. 1000 The deep sea holds abundant strategic resources, including oil and gas, minerals, and biological resources. Experts estimate that the world’s total future reserves of oil and gas... 40% The “combustible ice,” a promising alternative energy source of the future, also originates primarily from the deep sea. Jiang Daming pointed out that the key to implementing a deep-sea exploration strategy lies in focusing on “entering the deep sea.” - Cognitive Deep Sea - Explore the deep sea - Focusing on the main theme of deep-sea development, we will break through the core key technologies that currently constrain our deep-sea exploration capabilities, and strive to reach the forefront of deep-sea science and technology, aiming to— 2020 In [year], we successfully developed the key technologies and equipment for pilot extraction of offshore natural gas hydrates, achieving commercial-scale pilot extraction. We also successfully developed equipment capable of operating at full ocean depth (≤[value]). 11000 Meters) submersible, 1000~7000 Meter-class submersible universal supporting technology and deep-sea nuclear-powered floating platform technology.

　　—On the Strategy for Deep-Space Earth Observation. Deep-space exploration is set to become the main battleground in future international scientific and technological competition, and deep-space Earth observation is an essential component of such exploration. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “Space technology has profoundly transformed humanity’s understanding of the universe and provided a vital impetus for the advancement of human society,” and “We must promote the comprehensive development of space science, space technology, and space applications.” Jiang Daming called for the land and resources system to make greater efforts in deep-space Earth observation, fully implementing the General Secretary’s important instructions.

　　Jiang Daming stated that the implementation of a deep-space Earth observation strategy focuses on meeting the growing demand for remote sensing information technology driven by economic and social development. This involves carrying out major satellite projects for Earth observation, developing deep-space Earth observation technologies, strengthening the research and application of key technologies in satellite remote sensing, continuously enhancing the capacity for monitoring and regulating land resources, and better supporting the construction of ecological and smart land systems.

　　— On the land science and technology innovation strategy: Placing land science and technology innovation alongside “three deep” exploration as a key focus of the 13th Five-Year Plan for land and resource science and technology innovation was determined through comprehensive consideration of China’s current status in land science and technology development, the need to ensure food security, and the requirements of ecological civilization construction.

　　China’s rural reform began with the household contract system for land management, and urban development has largely benefited from reforms in the land-use system. It can be said that innovations in the land system have written a remarkable chapter in China’s development. 30 A glorious chapter in the history of reform and opening-up over the past several decades. Yet, relatively speaking, innovation in land science and technology remains comparatively weak. Jiang Daming emphasized that to implement a land science and technology innovation strategy, we must place particular emphasis on land engineering technologies, focusing on the research and development of technologies for enhancing arable land quality, rehabilitating degraded lands, repurposing abandoned lands, and restoring land ecosystems. We should also strengthen the application of engineered and ecological approaches in land reclamation. Furthermore, we need to intensify fundamental theoretical research on the integrated ecosystem of mountains, rivers, fields, forests, lakes, and wetlands, as well as on optimizing spatial arrangements for production, living, and ecological purposes. We must comprehensively develop technologies such as land survey and assessment, land-saving construction practices, and three-dimensional land development, striving to achieve— 10 In about a year, we will shift from the current state of tracking and imitation to join the world’s leading ranks.

　　 Remove institutional and systemic barriers and build a dynamic system for scientific and technological innovation in land and resources.

　　“The current science and technology management system of the Ministry of Natural Resources was established at the end of the last century and is increasingly incompatible with the central government’s requirements for reforming the science and technology system and with the continuously improving capacity for scientific and technological innovation in natural resources. We must simultaneously plan and implement both technological innovation and institutional innovation, make great efforts to remove institutional and systemic barriers, and establish a dynamic management system and operational mechanism for scientific and technological innovation,” said Jiang Daming.

　　First, we must forge a new pattern of scientific and technological innovation characterized by extensive collaboration and deep integration. Collaboration and integration—pooling our strengths to tackle major challenges—are both our institutional advantages and the cherished legacy of entrepreneurship and innovation within the land and resources system. For example, the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences was established precisely out of the need for collaborative research and problem-solving. In the last century... 50 Over the years, the Ministry of Geology successively established the Institute of Geological and Mineral Resources, the Institute of Mineral Raw Materials, the Institute of Hydrogeological and Engineering Geology, the Institute of Geophysical Prospecting, and the Institute of Geological Mechanics. 1959 In that year, the Institute of Geology (now the China Geological Sciences Academy) was established and assumed unified leadership over the aforementioned institutions, fostering scientific and technological advantages through collaborative research efforts. Another example is the great oil exploration campaign of the 1950s and 1960s, which, under the leadership of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, created a collaborative operational framework known as the “Three Ministries (Ministry of Geology, Ministry of Petroleum, Chinese Academy of Sciences) and Four Sectors (General Survey, Geophysical Exploration, Exploration, and Scientific Research).” This coordinated approach ultimately led to major breakthroughs in oil discovery. Yet another example is our deep-ocean and polar scientific expeditions: we have assembled an oceanographic fleet, with scientists from various disciplines working together aboard integrated research vessels—each playing their part in a truly synergistic and integrated effort that fully leverages the strengths of large-scale collaboration and integration. Today, as the land and resources system implements the “Three Deep and One Soil” science and technology innovation strategy, there is an even greater need for extensive collaboration and integration across geology, oceanography, surveying and mapping, and land management. 4 In various fields—whether in terms of disciplinary boundaries, task objectives, modes of thinking, or technological approaches—there are varying degrees of overlap, intersection, similarity, and commonality. Strengthening collaborative integration is the only viable path toward leveraging complementary strengths, fostering mutual inspiration, sharing resources, and achieving rapid results.

　　Second, we must build a dynamic, open, and multi-tiered platform for scientific and technological innovation. A key shortcoming of ours is the low hierarchical level of our innovation platforms. Currently, across the entire system, there are... 60 Key laboratories of various ministries, 84 a field scientific observation and research base, 49 a supervision and testing center, and also 13 We have a postdoctoral research workstation, but we lack high-level, heavyweight innovation platforms such as national key laboratories, which has hindered our ability to achieve breakthroughs in scientific and technological innovation. To implement the “Three Deep and One Soil” science and technology innovation strategy, we must establish a dynamic, open, and multi-tiered innovation platform system. By “dynamic,” we mean that researchers will move fluidly with projects, enabling regular entry and exit. By “open,” we mean breaking down systemic barriers and fostering connectivity both domestically and internationally—allowing us to take the lead in organizing and implementing major scientific and technological projects, or letting leading institutions assume primary responsibility, while we actively participate. By “multi-tiered,” we aim to build an innovation platform system comprising national laboratories, national key laboratories, national engineering technology research centers, major national scientific infrastructure facilities, and ministerial-level key laboratories.

　　Third, we must grant greater autonomy to research institutions and scientists. From the perspective of actual management of land and resource research, expanding the autonomy of research institutions requires focusing on the following key areas: 3 Three levels: The first level is for the scientific research authorities to streamline administration and delegate power; the second level is to fully unburden research teams; and the third level is to respect and safeguard scientists’ freedom of exploration.

　　Fourth, we must closely integrate technological innovation with science popularization. The widespread enhancement of the public’s scientific literacy is the foundation for bolstering the country’s soft power and cultivating high-quality innovative talent. General Secretary Xi Jinping, when attending the founding ceremony of the China Geological Museum, ... 100 The anniversary message pointed out: “Technological innovation and science popularization are the two wings that drive innovative development. We must remain true to our original aspiration, keep pace with the times, take improving the scientific literacy of the entire population as our responsibility, and focus on providing sincere services to young people, thereby better fulfilling our role as a base for geoscience research and a hall of science popularization.”

　　Jiang Daming emphasized that, in implementing the General Secretary’s instructions and requirements, we must place science popularization on an equally important footing with scientific and technological innovation. We should strive to create a positive social atmosphere characterized by a love of, interest in, study of, and application of science, thereby fostering a solid mass base for scientific and technological innovation in the field of land and resources. We must vigorously promote the construction of the “three institutions”—the Geological Museum, the Geological Data Archive, and the Geological Library—to strengthen our collection and preservation foundations, give equal weight to scientific research and public education, highlight social benefits, and make unremitting efforts to popularize geological knowledge, uphold the spirit of science, disseminate scientific ideas, and advocate for scientific methods.

　　 Foster a healthy academic ecosystem and cultivate a high-quality team of scientific and technological innovation professionals in the field of land and resources.

　　According to statistics, as of... 2014 By the end of the year, the land and resources system had a total of professional and technical personnel. 23 Ten thousand people, including those in the geological exploration industry. 17 Ten thousand people. However, during the 12th Five-Year Plan period, only a small number were selected for various national talent programs. 10 People and 1 A team. The Ministry of Natural Resources once possessed 40 Multiple academicians—now only 15 Name, among which 13 The name and age have exceeded. 70 Year, near 10 Only produced during the year 2 Distinguished academician.

　　Jiang Daming said that, overall, our science and technology workforce is large in size but lacks strength and is still unable to meet the demands of innovative scientific and technological development. To achieve strategic breakthroughs in exploring Earth’s deep interior, we must firmly embrace the concept that talent is our primary resource, cultivate young talents, make good use of existing talent, attract innovative talent, develop leading figures, and build an innovation talent pool that is appropriately sized, structurally sound, and of high quality—thus unleashing the innovative vitality and potential of all types of talent.

　　“We must vigorously promote a culture of recognizing, valuing, respecting, and making good use of talent. With an open mind and broad vision, we should adopt unconventional approaches to cultivating and nurturing talent,” Jiang Daming pointed out. “We need to reform the mechanisms for talent cultivation, introduction, and utilization—discovering talent in innovative practice, fostering talent through innovative activities, and uniting talent around innovative endeavors. We must uphold the right orientation in talent selection and regard adapting to the needs of the nation as the fundamental criterion for evaluating talent. We should combine respect for talent with the protection of their rights and interests, reform the salary distribution system for scientific researchers, explore annual salary systems and negotiated wage systems, and experiment with incentive measures such as equity, stock options, and profit-sharing. We should also increase the proportion of revenue that researchers receive from the commercialization of their scientific and technological achievements, enabling them to lead more dignified and legitimate lives through their own innovative contributions.”

　　Moreover, we must establish and refine a mechanism that ensures “major projects yield significant results and attract top talent.” When forming project teams, we should introduce a competitive selection process, embracing talent from all over the country rather than relying on “inbreeding.” We need to place great emphasis on professional alignment, complementary knowledge structures, and age diversity, ensuring that talents of all generations—senior, mid-career, and young—have ample opportunities and room to showcase their abilities and expertise.

　　Jiang Daming emphasized that we must create a favorable environment for talent development. Currently, some institutions practice “paternalistic” leadership and “one-man rule,” stifling academic democracy; others, in the selection of talented individuals, evaluation of professional titles, review of projects, and assessment of scientific and technological achievements, have been unfair and engaged in “favoritism.” These deep-rooted ills hinder the growth of talent in the field of land and resources and should prompt us to engage in profound self-reflection. We must promote academic democracy, encourage vigorous debate and diversity of thought, and warmly welcome scientific and technological personnel to put forward new ideas and establish new theories. We must uphold academic ethics and research integrity, ensuring that academic debates do not degenerate into entrenched prejudices. We must optimize the environment for academic integrity and crack down rigorously on academic corruption. To encourage innovation, we must be tolerant of failure—after all, even mistakes and setbacks can become valuable assets.

　　Jiang Daming called for the cultivation of young innovative talents right at the forefront of practical work. Whether it’s geology, oceanography, surveying and mapping science, or land engineering technology, all these fields share a common characteristic: the primary site of scientific research lies in rugged mountains, deserts, vast fields, and marine islands and reefs—scientific endeavors that rely on firsthand data obtained through field observations, exhibiting strong practicality and a cumulative nature built upon extensive experience. Compared with disciplines whose research paths are primarily based on logical deduction and experimental observation, it is considerably more challenging for researchers in the field of land and resources to produce landmark achievements. Although young people make up the majority of the scientific and technological workforce in the land and resources sector, their representation among those selected for the National “Young Top-notch Scientists Fund” program and the “Young Thousand Talents Program” remains relatively low. A key reason for this is the lack of substantial practical experience and innovative accomplishments. General Secretary Xi Jinping has urged all science and technology workers to “write their papers on the land of our motherland and apply their scientific and technological achievements to the great cause of achieving modernization.” This call is particularly relevant and significant for the growth of scientific and technological talent in the field of land and resources.