“ The 12th Five-Year Plan ” During this period, a large number of scientific and technological personnel in the land and resources system have thoroughly implemented the "Land and Resources..." “ The 12th Five-Year Plan ” In accordance with the deployment requirements of the “Science and Technology Development Plan,” we have closely focused on the needs of land and resource management and long-term development, deepening innovation in key areas such as land resource management, geological exploration for mineral resources, geological hazard prevention and control, remote sensing applications for land and resources, and information technology. As a result, we have achieved a number of significant scientific and technological breakthroughs that have reached internationally and domestically advanced levels.

　　According to statistics, 2011–2015 Technological achievements officially registered with the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Ministry of Land and Resources. 1756 Item: Received the Special Award of the National Science and Technology Progress Award 1 Item, Second Prize 8 Item: National Natural Science Award 2 Item: International Science and Technology Cooperation Award 3 Item: First Prize, Science and Technology Award for Land and Resources 59 Item, Second Prize 283 Item: As one of the fundamental measures for addressing challenges in land and resource management, technological innovation provides powerful impetus for the development of the land and resource sector.

　　 “ The 12th Five-Year Plan ” During this period, a large number of geological and technological professionals have made significant advances in the fields of ore-forming theory and exploration technology innovation. They have developed and refined theories on mineralization in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, offshore natural gas hydrates, potash mineralization, and sandstone-type uranium mineralization in northern continental basins. Moreover, they have established a spatiotemporal framework for China’s mineralization patterns and proposed— “ Trinity ” Theoretical insights into geological modeling for mineral exploration prediction have effectively guided geological prospecting practices. Significant advances have been made in new geological exploration technologies, including airborne geophysical surveying, geochemical exploration, geological drilling techniques, geological laboratory testing technologies and equipment, comprehensive utilization technologies for mineral resources, and natural gas hydrate exploration technologies—each of which has provided crucial tools for mineral exploration. Innovations in geological theory and advancements in exploration technologies have effectively guided and supported major mineral discovery efforts in China, cultivated a large number of talented professionals in geological exploration, and generated substantial social and economic benefits.

　　Starting from this issue, our newspaper will launch a series introducing China. “ The 12th Five-Year Plan ” Stay tuned for a series of reports on major scientific and technological achievements in ore-forming theories and exploration techniques.

　　Science and technology are the primary productive forces, and innovation in geological theory along with advances in exploration technologies are crucial tools for achieving breakthroughs in mineral exploration.

　　Outline of the National Medium- and Long-Term Plan for Science and Technology Development ( 2006–2020 The document clearly states that we must rely on scientific and technological progress to address major resource challenges, and it designates energy, water, mineral resources, as well as mineral exploration, development, and utilization, as key areas and priority themes in the nation’s medium- and long-term science and technology plans.

　　The “Outline of the Strategic Action Plan for Breakthroughs in Mineral Exploration” issued by the State Council ( 2011–2020 The document emphasizes that the strategic initiative for breakthroughs in mineral exploration must strengthen the leading role of scientific and technological support, highlight research on ore-forming theories and mineral exploration techniques, establish and refine models of ore-forming patterns and deposit types in key metallogenic belts, tackle and resolve critical technical challenges in the comprehensive utilization of mineral resources, and provide robust support for achieving breakthroughs in mineral exploration based domestically and enhancing the security of mineral resource supply.

　　 “ The 12th Five-Year Plan ” During this period, the vast majority of geological and technological personnel followed the "Land and Resources" guidelines. “ The 12th Five-Year Plan ” In accordance with the deployment requirements of the “Science and Technology Development Plan,” we have emphasized demand-driven approaches, focusing particularly on China’s scarce bulk mineral resources, deep-seated mineral resources, energy resources, marine mineral resources, and the comprehensive utilization of mineral resources. We have adhered to an integrated approach that coordinates land and marine resources, promoted innovation in ore-forming theories, and advanced progress in exploration technologies. We have pursued a balanced strategy between eastern and western regions, optimizing combinations of deep-earth mineral exploration techniques and conducting research into the ore-forming patterns of scarce bulk minerals. We have upheld the principles of conservation and intensive use, driving the development of technologies for the comprehensive utilization of mineral resources. Moreover, by adopting a demonstration-led approach, we have accelerated the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements, achieving remarkable results.

　　According to what the reporter from China Mining News has learned, 5 In recent years, the mineral resources sector has been undertaken by the land and resources system. 5 Item "973" Project, 6 Item “863” Project, 17 With the support of a series of science and technology support programs, as well as a batch of public-interest, industry-specific, and fundamental research and survey projects aimed at geological prospecting, research institutes, geological survey agencies, and geological exploration units across the country have collaborated in innovative ways and jointly tackled key challenges, vigorously promoting innovation in geological theories and advances in exploration technologies, thereby underpinning major breakthroughs in geological prospecting.

　 　Geological Theoretical Innovation and Major Breakthroughs in Mineral Exploration on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

　　Experts explain that the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is located within the Tethys, one of the world’s three major metallogenic domains. - The Himalayan metallogenic domain features complex geological processes such as ocean-continent transitions and crust-mantle interactions, providing favorable geological conditions for mineralization and possessing enormous resource potential. Focusing on fundamental theoretical issues in geological exploration and mineral prospecting on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, we systematically summarize... 1 ∶ 25 Based on the achievements of the Ten-Thousand-Geological Survey, focusing on India. - Major fundamental scientific issues—including the tectonic dynamics underlying mineralization resulting from the collision of the Asian continental plates, geotectonic evolution, ore-forming processes, ore-forming models, and ore-forming patterns—have been addressed through in-depth geological surveys conducted by geological survey institutions, research institutes, universities, and geological exploration units across the country. These collaborative efforts have led to innovative advances in the basic geological theories of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, resolved a number of scientific challenges that had long constrained geological exploration on the plateau, and, guided by these new geological theories, achieved significant breakthroughs in mineral exploration. This achievement has received... 2011 Special Prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award of the Year.

　 　I. Major Scientific and Technological Innovations

　　1. Reconstruct the geological evolution pattern of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and provide crucial background information for geological mineral exploration.

　　The continental margin has been established. “ Multi-island arc-basin system ” Construction theory, proposed “ Three-stage ” The new model of collisional orogeny has enriched and advanced global tectonic theory. It proposes the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau... “ One ocean, two continental margins, and three major island-arc-basin systems. ” A brand-new understanding has emerged, forming the continental margin. “ Multi-island arc-basin tectonic theory ” The study proposes that the primary collision involves the convergence of continental plates. 6500 Ten thousand ~4000 Million years), late collisional tectonic transition process ( 4000 Ten thousand ~2500 Million years) and the post-collision crustal extension process ( 2500 The three-stage evolutionary process spanning the past ten thousand years has laid an important foundation for developing regional metallogenic theories and holds significant scientific value for understanding the formation and evolution of supercontinents.

　　2. A geological and mineralization theory for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been established.

　　The continental collision metallogenic theory and continental margin accretion were proposed. - Continental Collision Ore-Forming Theory: Building a New… “ Collision-type porphyry copper deposit ”、 “ Collision-Orogenic Gold Deposits ” Ore-forming models. Ore-forming theories and ore-forming models address the theoretical question of whether continental collision processes can give rise to large-scale mineral deposits, as well as the questions of where and what types of minerals to look for. They have enriched and refined classical ore-forming theories.

　　3. Summarized the mineralization patterns and scientifically delineated major metallogenic belts.

　　Four major ore-forming systems—continental margin accretion, continental-continental convergence, tectonic transformation, and crustal extension—have been identified, revealing the regional metallogenic patterns of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A porphyry copper ore-forming system of the Gangdise collision type and the Bangong Lake... have been established. - Nujiang Island-Arc Copper-Gold Mineralization System, Nyenchen Tanggula Hydrothermal System - By superimposing and modifying the lead-zinc-silver mineralization model, we have identified... 3 A giant metallogenic belt.

　　4. A series of key technologies suitable for geological surveys and mineral exploration and evaluation in high-altitude, cold, and hypoxic environments have been developed.

　　Developed technologies including remote sensing geological surveys, aeromagnetic and gravity surveys in mid- to high-altitude mountainous regions, and geochemical exploration scanning techniques for special landscape areas in high-altitude cold deserts. “ Satellite-Air-Ground ” An integrated exploration technology suite has been developed, along with a remote sensing anomaly extraction technique. DPF technologies for rapid evaluation of mineral resources, such as technical imaging spectroscopy and mineral mapping techniques, and have proposed a series of practical theories and methods for ore-forming prediction, such as the Gangdise. “ Equidistance ” Ore-controlling theory, ore-controlling theory of complex granite (porphyry), thrust faulting - Slide-over tectonics controlling rock and ore formation, strike-slip. - Decoupling structural control on rock and ore formation, as well as the "Quilong-style" approach. “ Porphyry mineralization in complex porphyry bodies ” Jiamashi “ Magma + Construction + Lithologic trap-controlled mineralization ” Nu Ri style “ Crust-Mantle Hybrid Porphyry Copper Deposit + Shell-source tungsten-molybdenum layered ore formation ” , pull-house style “ Skarn-type lead-zinc-silver deposit + Skarn-type tungsten deposit ” Exploration model.

　　5. Theoretical guidance, exploration technology support, new discoveries 7 a super-large and 25 A large-scale ore deposit has significantly boosted China's reserves of bulk mineral resources.

　　Newly discovered and evaluated: Chilong, Jiamǎ, Xiongcun, Duolong, Yagui La, Bangpu, and Nuzhi. - Cheng Ba 7 A super-large ore deposit, including Chongjiang, Juno, Tinggong, Gangjiang, Garenqiong, Mengya’a, Yuka Lang, La Wu, Dongzhongla, and Leqingla, among others. 25 A large ore deposit delineated as a prospective mineralization area. 106 A new batch of resource reserves has been added for copper, lead-zinc, gold, silver, molybdenum, tungsten, and iron-rich ores.

　 　II. Application Outcomes

　　The breakthrough in mineral exploration has added a new batch of resource reserves, significantly boosting China's reserves of major minerals. The potential economic value of the discovered resources exceeds... 2.7 Trillions of yuan. We have tackled numerous challenging issues—such as the geological evolution and mineralization processes of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau—that have long been a focus of the international geoscience community, significantly enhancing China’s international academic standing in the field of geosciences and publishing scholarly papers. 1000 The remaining articles will be used to formulate new industry technical standards. 4 Item. Obtained 2011 Special Prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award of the Year.

　 　Geological Theories and Prediction Studies on Iron-Rich Ore Formation

　　Iron ore is an extremely important mineral resource that underpins the development of the national economy and society. The characteristics of China's iron ore endowment are: few rich deposits and many poor ones; a predominance of medium- and small-sized deposits, with very few ultra-large deposits; and numerous associated components, resulting in unfavorable beneficiation and smelting conditions. “ The 12th Five-Year Plan ” During this period, the focus of geological and technological research on iron ore has been centered on the fundamental theoretical issue of the ore-forming mechanisms of high-grade iron ores. To tackle this challenge, national resources were mobilized to carry out intensive research efforts, with particular emphasis on studying the formation mechanisms of high-grade iron ores in sedimentary-metamorphic, skarn, volcanic, and magmatic vanadium-titanium magnetite deposits. Additionally, research was conducted on iron isotope theory, iron ore dating techniques, and iron ore deposit prediction methodologies. As a result, a series of innovative insights have been gained, providing crucial theoretical support for guiding exploration activities aimed at discovering high-grade iron ore deposits.

　 　I. Major Scientific and Technological Innovations

　　1. A new understanding of the geodynamic background for the formation of iron-rich ores has been proposed.

　　It is believed that the geodynamic setting for the formation of iron-rich ore deposits in the Panxi mineral concentration area involves mantle plume activity and the involvement of lithospheric mantle. In a closed system, primitive picritic magmas enriched in iron and titanium underwent fractional crystallization, thereby giving rise to iron-rich deposits. Fe-Ti The basic parental magma (PanZhiHua pluton) subsequently led to ore formation. The Tarim Large Igneous Province shares similarities with the Panxi region.